Thus defined, the Yellowstone Supervolcano is the volcanic field that produced the latest three supereruptions from the Yellowstone hotspot; it also produced one additional smaller eruption, thereby creating the West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake[12] 174,000 years ago. The Absarokas are entirely made up of a series of volcanic rocks over 6,000 ft. thick and covering 9,000 sq. Hawaii sits on a thin oceanic plate, which is easily breached by magma coming to the surface. This map shows the movement of the Yellowstone hotspot over the last 16 million years, with 7 known supereruptions marked accordingly. Volcanic caldera in Yellowstone National Park in the United states, The northeastern part of Yellowstone Caldera, with the, West Thumb Lake is not to be confused with West Thumb Geyser Basin. Insights into the Yellowstone hotspot -- ScienceDaily It could be another 12 million years (as the North American Plate moves across the Yellowstone hotspot) before a new supervolcano is born to the northeast, and the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field joins the ranks of its deceased ancestors in the Snake River Plain. Hoppin Peaks Caldera, 16Ma; Hoppin Peaks Tuff. UTM Zone 12: 4986275 N, 522949 E, Northeast Entrance Subducting slabs have also been named as causing mantle plumes and hot-spot volcanism [88]. The Yellowstone Hotspot surfaced 17 million years ago as massive outpourings of basalt lava in the Columbia PlateauSteens Basalt region. The first three caldera-forming rhyolites Blacktail Tuff, Walcott Tuff and Conant Creek Tuff totaled at least 2250km3 of erupted magma. Modified from Beauty from the Beast: Plate Tectonics and the Landscapes of the Pacific Northwest, by Robert J. Lillie, Wells Creek Publishers, 92 pp., 2015, www.amazon.com/dp/1512211893. As North America drifted southwest over the hotspot, the volcanism progressed northeast, beginning in northern Nevada and southeast Oregon 16.5 million years ago and reaching Yellowstone National Park 2 million years ago. Chapter 1: Plate Tectonics - The Story of Earth: An Observational Guide This eruption, 2.1 million years ago, is the third most recent large caldera-forming eruption from the Yellowstone hotspot. This is about 2.5 times bigger than scientists had previously imagined it to be; however, scientists believe that the proportion of molten rock in the chamber is far too low to allow for another supereruption. Dissolved calcium carbonate is deposited on the surface as beautiful terraces. Plate Tectonics and Our National Parks (2020), Text and Illustrations by Robert J. Lillie, Emeritus Professor of Geosciences, Oregon State University [E-mail]. The seamount chains most striking feature is a sharp 60-degree bend located at the midpoint, which marks a significant change in plate movement direction that occurred 50 million years ago. Below is a list of latitude, longitude, and UTM coordinates (NAD83) for locations in Yellowstone. However, any rocks with proof of this have been subducted under the ocean floor. Like Hawaii, the Yellowstone region lies directly above a hotspot. UTM Zone 12: 4945010 N, 492295 E. Check the status and seasonal closing dates of park roads. Mudpots, paint pots and mud volcanoes develop where a lot of fine rock material is incorporated into the hot water. Younger basalt lava flows (some from Basin and Range continental rifting) cover much of the earlier rhyolite supervolcanic centers. (use reference tables? After a few million years, the mushroom head of the hotspot dissipates, leaving only a thin stem. Make sure to use official park maps to navigate Yellowstone. Kilgore Caldera (size: 80 x 60km); VEI8; 1,800 cubic kilometers (432cumi) of Kilgore Tuff; 4.45Ma 0.05. The basaltic melt from the hotspot stem may, in fact, form two levels of magma chambers within the overriding plate. The areas of rhyolite underlying the Snake River Plain form discrete areas of volcanic activity, rather than one long ridge. (2021, January 7). Shaded relief map of the Pacific Northwest highlighting National Park Service sites along the Yellowstone Hotspot track. Track of the Yellowstone hotspot: Young and ongoing geologic - USGS Prior to this, the eruption history gets murkier. The caldera measures 43 by 28 miles (70 by 45 kilometers), and postcaldera lavas spill out a significant distance beyond the caldera proper. 82. The resulting calderas include the Island Park Caldera, the Henry's Fork Caldera, and the Bruneau-Jarbidge caldera. Newly discovered Yellowstone eruption is one of 'top 5 eruptions of all Researchers made the new discovery, which was published June 1 in the journal Geology, by analyzing a wide tract of volcanic rock coughed up by the Yellowstone hotspot across vast swaths of the western United States. & Nataf, H.-C. A rising mantle plume has a massive head as much as 500 miles (800 kilometers) in diameter. Yellow and orange ovals show volcanic centers where the hotspot produced one or more caldera eruptions- essentially "ancient Yellowstones"- during the time periods indicated. Softer layers of lake, river, and volcanic ash deposits contain an extraordinary array of horse and other fossils. [53], In 2016, the USGS announced plans to map the subterranean systems responsible for feeding the area's hydrothermal activity. Old Faithful "It seems that the Yellowstone hotspot has experienced a three-fold decrease in its capacity to produce supereruption events," lead study author Thomas Knott, a volcanologist at the University of Leicester in England, said in a statement. The Yellowstone hotspot is recognized as a whole-mantle plume with a history that extends to at least 56 Ma, as recorded by offshore volcanism on the Siletzia oceanic plateau. Geological Society of America. Figure is from the book "Windows into the Earth: The Geologic Story of Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks," by Robert Smith and Lee Siegel. & Calvert, A. T. Age of the Lava Creek supereruption and magma chamber assembly at Yellowstone based on 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb dating of sanidine and zircon crystals. How hotspots are initiated is another highly debated subject. There are several hotspots, current and former, that are believed to have begun at the time of rifting. The next biggest supereruption formed the Yellowstone Caldera (640,000 years ago) and produced the Lava Creek Tuff. Are the Least Social Animals the Most Innovative? The highest temperature yet recorded in any geothermal area in Yellowstone was measured in a scientific drill hole at Norris: 459F (237C) just 1,087 feet (326 meters) below the surface! It has been suggested the Yellowstone hotspot is connected to the much older Columbia River flood basalts [93] and even to 70 million-year-old volcanism found in the Yukon region of Canada [94]. But when it does it expands like the hot wax in a lava lamp. Wilson, J. T. A possible origin of the Hawaiian Islands. By its characteristic chemical fingerprint and the distinctive size and shape of its crystals and glass shards, the volcano stands out among dozens of prominent ashfall horizons laid down in the Cretaceous, Paleogene, and Neogene periods of central North America. Starting near the Oregon/Nevada/Idaho juncture 16 million years ago, a line of rhyolite magma centerssupervolcanoesformed across what is now the Snake River Plain of southern Idaho. Contrary to some media reports, Yellowstone is not 'overdue' for a supereruption. On March 30, 2014, at 6:34 AM MST, a magnitude 4.8 earthquake struck Yellowstone, the largest recorded there since February 1980. Image credit: Daniel Hauptvogel, CC BY-NC-SA. This epic eruption appears to have been about 30% larger than the hotspot's next-biggest eruption, which occurred 2.1 million years ago. 9.34Ma tuff of Little Chokecherry Canyon. This long-lived path of hotspot migration is marked by a belt of aligned volcanic provinces that display progressively younger ages to the east-northeast, similar to the age progression produced by southwest motion of the North America plate over a fixed Yellowstone hotspot. 2. Courtillot, V., Davaille, A., Besse, J. [51][52], Further research shows that very distant earthquakes reach and have effects upon the activities at Yellowstone, such as the 1992 7.3 magnitude Landers earthquake in California's Mojave Desert that triggered a swarm of quakes from more than 800 miles (1,300km) away, and the 2002 7.9 magnitude Denali fault earthquake 2,000 miles (3,200km) away in Alaska that altered the activity of many geysers and hot springs for several months afterward. 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192. Detailed Description Shaded relief map showing the path of the Yellowstone hotspot. The second, called the Grey's Landing supereruption, occurred 8.72 million years ago and was absolutely "colossal," the team wrote in the study. A broad head developes, connected to the vat of wax by a narrow stem.. Official websites use .gov Matthews, N. E., Vazquez, J. Siletzia accreted onto the North American plate at 51-49 Ma, followed by repositioning of the Farallon trench west of Siletzia from 48 to 45 Ma. Geological Society of America. "This is a very significant decline. Modified from Beauty from the Beast: Plate Tectonics and the Landscapes of the Pacific Northwest, by Robert J. Lillie, Wells Creek Publishers, 92 pp., 2015, www.amazon.com/dp/1512211893. The Yellowstone hotspot is a mysterious blob of hot rock in Earth's mantle, currently sitting under a 1,530 square mile (4,000 square kilometers) stretch of Yellowstone National Park. Since then the North American Plate has moved west-southwestward, forming a chain of supervolcanoes across southern Idaho to Yellowstone National Park. The Heise volcanic field of eastern Idaho produced explosive caldera-forming eruptions which began 6.6 million years ago and lasted for more than 2 million years, sequentially producing four large-volume rhyolitic eruptions. Feature labels. (See Yellowstone Caldera map.) Ncole Kidman and Keith Urban pack on the PDA at the Met Gala John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, Oregon. [4], The caldera formed during the last of three supereruptions over the past 2.1 million years: the Huckleberry Ridge eruption 2.1 million years ago (which created the Island Park Caldera and the Huckleberry Ridge Tuff), the Mesa Falls eruption 1.3 million years ago (which created the Henry's Fork Caldera and the Mesa Falls Tuff), and the Lava Creek eruption approximately 640,000 years ago (which created the Yellowstone Caldera and the Lava Creek Tuff). Detection of mantle plumes in the lower mantle by diffraction tomography: Hawaii. Over time, the combination of a moving plate and a stationary hotspot creates a chain of islands or mountains. Finding evidence for specific eruptions is tricky, as large volcanic deposits tend to overlap and can look very similar to one another. (Click on arrows and slide left and right to see labels.). Discovery of two new super-eruptions from the Yellowstone hotspot track 8. Make sure to use official park maps to navigate Yellowstone. He holds a bachelor's degree in creative writing from the University of Arizona, with minors in journalism and media arts. The eastern Snake River Plain is a topographic depression that cuts across Basin and Range Mountain structures, more or less parallel to North American plate motion. The Yellowstone hotspot is well known for generating supereruptions in the geologic past that are far more explosive than historic examples. Much of the complex crater has become obliterated by later Cascadia and Sierra orogenies. Fountain Paint Pot, one of the many hydrothermal features fueled by the angry hotspot below Yellowstone National Park. The most recent major eruption of this hotspot created the Yellowstone Caldera and Lava Creek tuff formation approximately 631,000 years ago [95]. While the enormous heat source fuels the park's most iconic features (including the Old Faithful geyser), it hasn't always been there. Columbia Plateau Basalt often forms columns that are ideally six-sided (hexagons). 44 07 56.97 (Lat) -110 39 52.83 (Long) The Island Park Caldera is sometimes referred to as the First Phase Yellowstone Caldera or the Huckleberry Ridge Caldera. Huckleberry Ridge Tuff - Wikipedia For a limited time, you can take out a digital subscription to any of our best-selling science magazines for just $2.38 per month, or 45% off the standard price for the first three months. 44 39 30.27 (Lat) -111 05 49.87 (Long) More than 20 such flows, totaling about 1,600 feet (500 meters) thickness, can be seen in Picture Gorge within the monument. The Bruneau-Jarbidge caldera erupted between ten and twelve million years ago, spreading a thick blanket of ash in the Bruneau-Jarbidge event and forming a wide caldera. UTM Zone 12: 4980364 N, 523580 E, East Entrance The circulating water would release heat at the surface, possibly in a way that could be used as a geothermal power source. Download the official NPS app before your next visit, CRMOCraters of the Moon National Monument, Idaho[, YELLYellowstone National Park, Wyoming, Idaho & Montana[. Along with black lights and hookahs, lava lamps are iconic fixtures of the psychedelic 1960s. & Stock, J. Also, scientists use the age of volcanic eruptions and shape of the chain to quantify the rate and direction of plate movements relative to the hotspot. Three distinct types of hotspots in the Earths mantle. The upward movement of the Yellowstone caldera floor between 2004 and 2008almost 75 millimetres (3.0in) each yearwas more than three times greater than ever observed since such measurements began in 1923. PO Box 168 Faults are in black. The groundwater descends to a depth of one-to-two miles (1 to 3 kilometers), where it encounters hot rocks heated from below by a shallow, upper-crustal magma chamber. The Twin Falls and Picabo volcanic fields were active about 10 million years ago. Old Faithful 44 27 37.31 (Lat) -110 49 41.59 (Long) UTM Zone 12: 4923021 N, 513665 E Mammoth Hot Springs 44 58 34.79 (Lat) -110 42 03.37 (Long) UTM Zone 12: 4980364 N, 523580 E East Entrance Like the Hawaiian version, the Yellowstone hotspot is formed by magma rising through the lithosphere. This reduced rate of giant eruptions doesn't mean we're off the hook. The Yellowstone hotspot is a volcanic hotspot in the United States responsible for large scale volcanism in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Wyoming, formed as the North American tectonic plate moved over it. & Jackson, E. D. Origin of the Hawaiian Islands: Recent studies indicate that the Hawaiian volcanic chain is a result of relative motion between the Pacific plate and a melting spot in the Earths mantle. The greater Yellowstone "geoecosystem" is outlined in blue. Columbia River Basalt: the Yellowstone hot spot arrives in a flood of fire", "High Lava Plains Project, Geophysical & Geological Investigation, Understanding the Causes of Continental Intraplate Tectonomagmatism: A Case Study in the Pacific Northwest", "Mantle dynamics and genesis of mafic magmatism in the intermontane Pacific Northwest", "Reconstructing the ancestral Yellowstone plume from accreted", "Yellowstone in Yukon: The Late Cretaceous Carmacks Group", 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0997:YIYTLC>2.3.CO;2, "Snake River Plain-Yellowstone Hot Spot Migration", "Shaded relief map of the northwestern United States", "Geodynamics of the Yellowstone hotspot and mantle plume: Seismic and GPS imaging, kinematics and mantle flow", 10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0367:ESVOTY>2.0.CO;2, "Crustal deformation of the Yellowstone-Snake River Plain volcanic system: campaign and continuous GPS observations, 19872004", "The Yellowstone magmatic system from the mantle plume to the upper crust", National Park Service interactive map showing trace of the hotspot over time, The Yellowstone magmatic system from the mantle plume to the upper crust, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yellowstone_hotspot&oldid=1140250712, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from October 2009, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from November 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Meteorite Impact Origin of Yellowstone Hotspot - ResearchGate What is the latitude and longitude of Yellowstone? [28], Volcanic and tectonic actions in the region cause between 1,000 and 2,000 measurable earthquakes annually. 1. Previously Unknown Intercellular Electricity May Power Biology, Mushrooms and Their Post-Rain, Electrical Conversations. [21][22], In respect of it being 'well-known for its past explosive volcanic eruptions and lava flows as well for its world class hydrothermal system', the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) included 'The Yellowstone volcanic and hydrothermal system' in its assemblage of 100 'geological heritage sites' around the world in a listing published in October 2022. The caldera was formed by an eruption 1.3 million years ago of the Yellowstone hotspot. The caldera created West Thumb Lake and the underlying Yellowstone hotspot keeps West Thumb Geyser Basin active. Those eruptions were similar to the explosion and collapse that formed the Crater Lake Caldera in Oregon 7,700 years ago, only much bigger. It turned out that a smattering of volcanic deposits previously attributed to a series of small eruptions actually resulted from two gargantuan ones. West Thumb Lake is itself formed by a smaller caldera[a] which erupted 174,000 years ago. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. ", "Nasa's ambitious plan to save Earth from a supervolcano", "No, NASA Isn't Going to Drill to Stop Yellowstone from Erupting", "Frequently asked questions about recent findings at Yellowstone Lake", "Quake in Alaska Changed Yellowstone Geysers", "We're About to Find Out What's Rumbling Below The Yellowstone Supervolcano", The Snake River Plain and the Yellowstone Hot Spot, The Yellowstone magmatic system from the mantle plume to the upper crust, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yellowstone_Caldera&oldid=1152704210, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, approximately 640,000 years ago (caldera-forming); 70,000 years ago (in the caldera), This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 20:19. The caldera is bounded by the Ashton Hill on the south, Big Bend Ridge and Bishop Mountain on the west, by Thurburn Ridge on the North and by Black Mountain and the Madison Plateau on the east. 45 01 46.39 (Lat) -110 42 31.32 (Long) Octagonal (eight-sided) columns also have spaces. These super volcanic eruptions fill the earths atmosphere with so much gas and ash, they block sunlight from reaching the earth. The overall plant and animal community, or ecosystem, is influenced by the local geology and climate conditions. The Yellowstone region at 8 000 feet (2 500 meters) elevation is about 2 000 to 3 000 feet (600 to 1 000 meters) higher than the surrounding territory. This informationalong with other evidence gathered from rock ages, vegetation types, and island sizeindicates the oldest islands in the chain are located the furthest away from the active hotspot. National Park Service sites in this region showcase block-fault mountains and volcanic features forming as the thick crust stretches and . . Yellowstones ice cap scoured the landscape and left behind deposits of sand, silt and gravel. The Yellowstone Caldera is the volcanic caldera located in Yellowstone National Park in the United States, sometimes referred to as the Yellowstone Supervolcano. [47], A study published in GSA Today, the monthly news and science magazine of the Geological Society of America, identified three fault zones where future eruptions are most likely to be centered. Black lines indicate faults. At times the rising wax develops a mushroom shape, with a large head and narrow stem. 52, No. The rhyolite lava flows found throughout the park weather to very acidic soil. Insights into the Yellowstone hotspot. [citation needed], In a 2003 report, USGS researchers proposed that an earthquake may have displaced more than 77million cubic feet (2,200,000m3; 580,000,000USgal) of water in Yellowstone Lake, creating colossal waves that unsealed a capped geothermal system and led to the hydrothermal explosion that formed Mary Bay. Additionally, the Columbia Basalt flows appeared at the same approximate time in the same place, prompting speculation that they share a common origin. ScienceDaily. Faults are in black. An official website of the United States government. "Insights into the Yellowstone hotspot." This volcanic arc occupied in the exact area of today's Yellowstone National Park, forming the Absaroka Mountains. The region is so high that a small ice capsimilar to the one that currently covers the island of Icelandformed during ice ages. Within the fossil beds are lava flowspart of the enormous volume of basalt that formed the Columbia Plateau of northeastern Oregon and southeastern Washington. The Picabo Caldera was notable for producing the Arbon Valley Tuff 10.2 million years ago. In this case Yellowstone could be expiring. 44 29 18.42 (Lat) -110 00 13.80 (Long) Sheep Rock in John Day Fossil Beds National Monument is capped by resistent Columbia Plateau Basalt. [42][43] In January 2010, the USGS stated that "uplift of the Yellowstone Caldera has slowed significantly"[44] and that uplift continues but at a slower pace. UTM Zone 12: 4926609 N, 579209 E, North Entrance Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming | Roadtrippers Meteorite Impact Origin of Yellowstone Hotspot Over the past 17 million years the North American continent has continued to drift west-southwest over this hotspot. The huge amount of material released causes the . The Yellowstone hotspot is one of a few volcanic hotspots underlying the North American tectonic plate; another example is the Anahim hotspot. In 1985, more than 3,000 earthquakes were measured over a period of several months. When the lamp is off, the cold wax is more dense than the oil. Columbia River and Steens flood basalts, Pueblo, and Malheur Gorge-region, Steens flood basalts, 65,000 cubic kilometers (15,594cumi), Other manifestations of the Yellowstone hotspot: Rexburg Volcanic Field (4.3Ma), West of, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 05:33. The hotspot first surfaced 17 million years ago as massive outpourings of fluid basalt lava in the Columbia Plateau and Steens Basalt region. Track of Yellowstone hotspot | U.S. Geological Survey Magma rising from that level melts its way through thick, silica-rich continental crust, forming high-silica (rhyolite/granite) magma chambers in the upper part of the crust. [49][50], Studies and analysis may indicate that the greater hazard comes from hydrothermal activity which occurs independently of volcanic activity. Yellowstone National Park today lies directly over the hotspot. Thats when the thickness and composition of continental crust come into play. Ji, Y. Used with permission. [5], Volcanism at Yellowstone is relatively recent, with calderas created by large eruptions that took place 2.1 million, 1.3 million, and 640,000 years ago. Yellowstone National Park, WY, USA is located at United States country in the National Parks place category with the gps coordinates of 44 25 38.2224" N and 110 35 3.8004" W. Yellowstone National Park, WY, USA elevation is 2395 meters height, that is equal to 7,858 feet. As the Yellowstone Hotspot rises, it expands like a hot-air balloon, causing the Yellowstone Plateau to elevate to great height. 44 27 37.31 (Lat) -110 49 41.59 (Long) Some geoscientists hypothesize that the Yellowstone hotspot is the effect of an interaction between local conditions in the lithosphere and upper mantle convection. [17][3] Currently, volcanic activity is exhibited via numerous geothermal vents scattered throughout the region, including the famous Old Faithful Geyser, plus recorded ground-swelling indicating ongoing inflation of the underlying magma chamber. More than 70 smaller swarms were detected between 1983 and 2008. Note: Content may be edited for style and length. Letters are abbreviations for NPS sites listed near the top of this page. Bison, elk and grizzly bears thrive in the forests and meadows. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. 82190-0168, Download the official NPS app before your next visit. Harriman State Park is situated in the caldera. map coordinates ar e 41.364N, 121.0 19W . A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. The Yellowstone Hotspot track is superimposed on other tectonic provinces of the Pacific Northwest. This eruption of 2,450 km 3 (590 cu mi) of material is thought to be one of the largest known eruptions in the Yellowstone hotspot 's history. Only by diligently monitoring seismic activity around the park will scientists have a clue as to when it's coming. [45] USGS, University of Utah and National Park Service scientists with the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory maintain that they "see no evidence that another such cataclysmic eruption will occur at Yellowstone in the foreseeable future. [20], In October 2017, research from the Arizona State University indicated prior to Yellowstone's last supereruption, magma surged into the magma chamber in two large influxes. Observing what happens when we turn on a lava lamp can help us understand the evolution of the Columbia PlateauYellowstone Hotspot track. Together they are called the lithosphere . Materials provided by Geological Society of America. Eruptions of silica-rich (rhyolite) lava formed the Yellowstone Caldera on the crest of the plateau. The Yellowstone hotspot, also referred to as the Snake River Plain-Yellowstone hotspot, is a volcanic hotspot responsible for large scale volcanism in Oregon, Nevada, Idaho, and Wyoming, United States. And what causes geysers to erupt, often at such regular intervals? 88. The Henry's Fork of the Snake River flows through the Henry's Fork Caldera and drops out at Upper and Lower Mesa Falls. ScienceDaily. Hotspot Theories - Yellowstone - National Park Service When only the stem remains, the magma mixes with melted continental crust and is enriched in silica, forming the rhyolite lavas that poured out across southern Idaho and Yellowstone. [41] From 2004 to 2008, the land surface within the caldera moved upward as much as 8 inches (20cm) at the White Lake GPS station. The Yellowstone hotspot is well known for generating supereruptions in the geologic past that are far more explosive than historic examples. Scientists have identified a number of current and past hotspots believed to have begun this way. Smaller steam explosions occur as well an explosion 13,800 years ago left a 5 kilometer diameter crater at Mary Bay on the edge of Yellowstone Lake. This is similar to Hawaii, where islands get shorter in a northwestward direction, eventually sinking beneath the sea as atolls and seamounts. Geologists believe it is actually much older. Henry's Fork Caldera - Wikipedia ), Northwest Nevada volcanic field, Virgin Valley, High Rock, Hog Ranch, and unnamed calderas; West of the. 87. Crustal structure and thickness along the Yellowstone hot spot track Bison hang around open areas near hydrothermal features. When you turn the lamp on the heated wax rises because it expands and becomes less dense than the oil. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. How does it make its way to the surface? . GPS coordinates of Yellowstone hotspot, United States. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily, its staff, its contributors, or its partners. Of the many calderas formed by the Yellowstone Hotspot, including the later Yellowstone Caldera, the Henry's Fork Caldera is the only one that is currently clearly visible. Rhyolite lava erupted intermittently from 640,000 years to 70,000 years ago. The Yellowstone Plateau is a broad region of high elevation directly above the hotspot, while the Snake River Plain has gradually subsided as that portion of the plate moved away from the hotspot. What makes it different is this hotspot is located under a thick, continental plate. Below the picturesque geysers and rainbow-tinted hot springs of Yellowstone National Park lurks one of the most destructive volcanoes on Earth.
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