Genet. Ishak, A., Dong, L., Rong, H., Zhang, S. & Zhao, L. Isolation and functional analysis of the regulation of branching by isopentenyl transferase gene CmIPT1 in Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. These edible flowers are often used as a garden decoration and natural pest control, but they also have culinary applications., Yellow or white chrysanthemum flowers can be boiled to make an herbal tea with a range of health benefits. Google Scholar. 2. 40, 10531059 (1998). De novo whole-genome assembly in Chrysanthemum seticuspe, a model species of Chrysanthemums, and its application to genetic and gene discovery analysis. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-019-0193-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-019-0193-8. All authors approved the final paper. Developing new cultivars with a long vase life and long storability is challenging for chrysanthemum breeders. Let steep for 3 - 5 minutes. Chrysanthemum Tea With its well-known cooling properties, Chrysanthemum tea has tons of benefits and is the herbal drink to go when the weather gets hot. Gupta, R. C., Bala, S., Sharma, S. & Kapoor, M. Cytomorphological studies in some species of Chrysanthemum L. (Asteraceae). van Geest, G. et al. Nat. 198, 1632 (2013). Front. Genome assembly with in vitro proximity ligation data and whole-genome triplication in lettuce. 34, 10731090 (2016). Article J. Exp. A biological control method was proposed by Liu et al.172 in which chlamydospores of Phanerochaete chrysosporium were inoculated into the chrysanthemum rhizosphere to reduce this continuous-cropping obstacle by changing the microbial community, phenolic acid content, and enzyme activity. This review summarizes the merits and drawbacks of conventional breeding. BMC Genom. In addition, Cipriano and Freitas173 demonstrated that two Pseudomonas putida strains can be used as beneficial microorganisms and present great potential to safely and effectively promote plant growth and flowering under field conditions. Western medicinal uses have ranged from energy and sore-throat fixes to circulatory issues and varicose veins. To date, several fairly mature technologies or sophisticated combinations of these tools have been employed in metabolomic analyses of chrysanthemum and have generated very large amounts of data. This can manifest in a multitude of ways, from dry mouth to skin breakouts. 27, 1123 (2011). To make your own chrysanthemum tea, place dried, whole chrysanthemum flowers in a cup or teapot and pour boiling water over them. To overcome these limitations, novel protein identification and quantification techniques with high accuracy, such as the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) method and mass spectrometry (MS), have been developed150. Plant Sci. Campbell, N. R., Harmon, S. A. Genes Genom. Internet Explorer). Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Plant Mol. Plant J. 60, 398404 (2010). Development of molecular markers linked to powdery mildew resistance gene Pm4b by combining SNP discovery from transcriptome sequencing data with bulked segregant analysis (BSR-Seq) in wheat. Vance M. Whitaker, Steven J. Knapp, Sujeet Verma, Jessen V. Bredeson, Jessica B. Lyons, Daniel S. Rokhsar, Estefana Mata-Nicols, Javier Montero-Pau, Mara Jos Dez, Horticulture Research The chromosomes of Chrysanthemum, II:garden varieties. A 2019 study found that taking chrysanthemum leaf ethanol extract helped prevent obesity in mice. In the case of chrysanthemum, GWASs have been used to explore inheritance patterns and identify favorable alleles for several ornamental characteristics and resistance traits, including plant architecture traits and inflorescence traits95, waterlogging tolerance96, aphid resistance97, and drought tolerance98, based on 707 conventional gel-based SRAP, start codon-targeted (SCoT), and SSR marker loci. Mapping a leaf senescence gene els1 by BSR-Seq in common wheat. Overexpression of the C. lavandulifolium gene ClCBF1 in the chrysanthemum cv. PLoS One 7, e48970 (2012). J. USA 100, 85958600 (2003). The bulked segregant analysis (BSA) strategy proposed by Michelmore enables researchers to simply and quickly identify markers, specific genes, or genomic regions associated with a target trait using two DNA bulks consisting of individuals exhibiting contrasting extreme phenotypes105. This article is based on scientific evidence, written by experts and fact checked by our trained editorial staff. Chrysanthemum tea is also rich in. Theor. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. Overall, the exploration of feasible methods for employing these new technologies is still in the initial stage for chrysanthemum. In traditional Chinese medicine, mum tea is used to promote liver and kidney health. Plant Cell Physiol. Curr. Chrysanthemum tea should also be consumed for the treatment of circulation disorders like varicose veins and atherosclerosis. J.S. The TCP gene family plays a significant role in plant growth and development. However, the successful application of MAS in practical breeding thus far has been limited to simple traits with monogenic or oligogenic inheritance in crops such as rice, soybean, and maize112. Chrysanthemum tea is an infusion drink prepared by pouring hot water over dried chrysanthemum flowers. Content is reviewed before publication and upon substantial updates. The genomic information of cultivated chrysanthemum has not been reported, mainly due to its unknown origin, heterozygosity, extremely large genome size (9.4Gb, http://www.etnobiofic.cat/gsad_v2/), and high repeat content. Transcriptome analysis of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum) in response to low temperature stress. Plus, with so many different kinds of chrysanthemum teas, feel free to experiment! Furthermore, six candidate genes harboring seven of the 97 associated SNPs were predicted by aligning the SLAF sequences to the chrysanthemum transcriptome database. 141, 18071813 (2013). However, the emergence of third-generation sequencing platform technologies represented by single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT-seq) technology from the Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) platform and nanopore single-molecule sequencing technology from Oxford Nanopore designed to generate long reads, along with the rapid development of bioinformatics, has greatly accelerated sequence assembly and enabled the generation of high-quality assemblies116. Front. Yuanyang Tea (Hong Kong Style Tea and Coffee). 11 (eds Van Huylenbroeck, J.) You may suffer from a skin rash (also called contact dermatitis), including redness, swelling, or itching. 26, 195203 (2019). Article Mol. PubMed Central Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. The chrysanthemums have a strong and persistent flavor. Wang et al.80 detected two SSR markers linked to aphid resistance; Klie et al.101 found two AFLP markers showing significant allele frequency differences in bulks with a low or high degree of shoot branching; Sang et al.106 identified one AFLP marker linked to white rust and converted it into a SCAR marker, which was further verified in a pseudo-F1 testcross and had the potential to be used to select white-rust-resistant plants in chrysanthemum-breeding programs. Plant Mol. Looking for more authentic recipes? Simply pour your brewed tea into a pitcher and store it in the refrigerator. ButI find the flavor to be incredibly pleasant when eating strongly flavored Chinese dishes with lots of spice, and it takes on a richer herbal flavor the longer it steeps. In traditional Chinese medicine, chrysanthemum tea is known for its cooling and calming properties. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major volatile compounds produced by flowers among different chrysanthemum materials determined by gas chromatography (GC)-MS showed that monoterpenoids and oxygenated monoterpenoids were the major organic components162, and that more abundant volatiles could be identified in chrysanthemum cultivars than in wild plants. Malia Frey is a weight loss expert, certified health coach, weight management specialist, personal trainer, and fitness nutrition specialist. My mom says you should drink chrysanthemum tea if you. (Springer, New Delhi, 2016). A zinc finger protein regulates flowering time and abiotic stress tolerance in chrysanthemum by modulating gibberellin biosynthesis. Pink Stork Fertility Tea - Conception & Prenatal Nutritional Supplement - Prenatal Vitamins - Cycle & Hormone Balance - Red Raspberry Leaf - Women's Organic Pregnancy Tea - Woman Owned - 15 Sachets . Fang, C. & Luo, J. Metabolic GWAS-based dissection of genetic bases underlying the diversity of plant metabolism. Ideal for colds and other ailments, bringing down a bad temperature while fighting infections in your body. The recent progress of genetic studies based on molecular markers in chrysanthemum is summarized in Table 1. Food Chem. A. et al. The rhizosphere microbiome, which includes bacterial and fungal communities, directly affects plant immunity, pathogen abundance, nutrient acquisition, and stress tolerance, among other characteristics. Chrysanthemums have also been used in teas after special processing throughout history, and the development of new tea cultivars with improved medicinal and nutritional quality is a new direction for chrysanthemum breeding. Plant Physiol. Bohra, A., Jha, U. C., & Kumar, S. in Biofortification of Food Crops (eds Singh U. et al.) Farias, M. Fd & Saad, J. C. C. Growth and quality of Chrysanthemum produced in greenhouse. High-density genetic map construction and stem total polysaccharide content-related QTL exploration for Chinese endemic Dendrobium (Orchidaceae). It's not just the chrysanthemum in the tea that has experts concerned. Seoul National University Graduate School (2016). Plant Omics 7, 229 (2014). Lin, L. & Harnly, J. M. Identification of the phenolic components of chrysanthemum flower (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat). It's effortless recipe makes it a popular choice amongst many households. High-density SNP-based genetic maps for the parents of an outcrossed and a selfed tetraploid garden rose cross, inferred from admixed progeny using the 68k rose SNP array. Overexpression of DgWRKY4 enhances salt tolerance in chrysanthemum seedlings. It can also have a more subtle flavor the more times you refill the teapot with hot water. 29, 3340 (2011). Many physicians and nurses are familiar with traditional Chinese treatments and may be able to guide you to the safest, most effective treatment for you. The genome of Artemisia annua provides insight into the evolution of Asteraceae family and artemisinin biosynthesis. Plant Mol. 41, 133146 (2019). The tea is prepared by steeping dried chrysanthemum flowers in hot water. Learn how your comment data is processed. Plant 9, 961974 (2016). Tetraploid rose is the species in which the mode of inheritance has been the most investigated and presents the highest-density map construction among polyploid ornamental species by far87,88. Association analysis of drought tolerance in cut chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) Chrysanthemum tea has long been used as a natural energy booster. and L.D. In this lab study, chrysanthemum was able to inhibit cells that breakdown bone and enhance cells that rebuild bone. Integration of these omics data with phenotypic information will enable the identification of genes/pathways responsible for important traits. Biol. Hence, the development sequence-based markers such as SNPs, InDels, and structural variants (SVs) that can be used for linkage and association-mapping studies in a large population is becoming possible. A hypothetical comprehensive breeding scheme for chrysanthemum integrating conventional with modern breeding strategies. PubMed Central Knief, C. Analysis of plant microbe interactions in the era of next generation sequencing technologies. in Pulse Improvement (eds Wani S. & Jain M.) Ch. Genetic variation and association mapping of aphid (Macrosiphoniella sanbourni) resistance in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.). Breed. However, the NGS-assisted BSA approach is usually applied to species in which genome information is available at least for closely related plant species. Plant Sci. 6, 21 (2019). Plant Cell Tiss. Su, J. et al. Front. 41, 13101322 (2014). Selecting suitable parents or populations with desired traits from the abundant germplasm resources of chrysanthemum, which are the materials used for genetic studies, is the fundamental basis of breeding programs. Our team includes licensed nutritionists and dietitians, certified health education specialists, as well as certified strength and conditioning specialists, personal trainers and corrective exercise specialists. The information in our articles is NOT intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice. 70, 237250 (1997). Amasino, R. Seasonal and developmental timing of flowering. SNPs can also be converted to other available markers, such as high-resolution melting (HRM)102 and kompetitive allele-specific (KASP)103 markers, and be used for amplicon sequencing104 in polyploid plants. Genetic resources are crucial for all plant-breeding programs. Liu, R. et al. U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Dietary Supplements, The Tea Association of the U.S.A: State of the Industry, American Pregnancy Organization: Herbs and Pregnancy, University of Maryland Medical Center: Medicines and Herbal Remedies During Pregnancy. Plant Mol. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the dihydroflavonol-4-reductase-B (DFR-B) locus in the Japanese morning glory Ipomoea (Pharbitis) nil. Chrysanthemum tea is an infusion drink prepared by pouring hot water over dried chrysanthemum flowers. I could go into even more depth about the medical aspects of Chinese chrysanthemum tea and what it can do for you, but Chinese tradition dictates that some sort of matriarch from on high just boss you around, offering cryptic home remedies (looking at my mother, right now). Ibitoye, D. & Akin-Idowu, P. Marker-assisted-selection (MAS): a fast track to increase genetic gain in horticultural crop breeding. . These dCAPS markers present potential value for practical application in chrysanthemum MAS breeding. In addition, pathogens such as viruses, viroids, fungi, and phytoplasma seriously reduce the production of chrysanthemums. Sacco, A., Ruggieri, V., Molisso, M. & Barone, A. Im no expert or technically qualified to give health advice, but I was once a very very grumpy chrysanthemum tea drinker and have since become a pretty strong and zen believer in its abilities to ward off various ailments! 130, 199211 (2017). Zhang, F. et al. Chrysanthemum tea is a floral infusion and not a true tea made from leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant. Biochem. Chrysanthemums, or mums, are a perennial plant related to the sunflower family and are known for their bright blossoms. Instead, this infusion tea is made from flowers of the chrysanthemum plant. Wu, P. et al. 96, 241253 (2015). The ability to manipulate plant architecture increases the ornamental value, and hence, the marketability of a commercial species. Biotechnological advancements for improving floral attributes in ornamental plants. Identification of potential mechanism and hub genes for neuropathic pain by expression-based genome-wide association study. Plant Mol. Based on the linkage map, several QTLs controlling flower color, flowering time, ray floret number, and disc floret degreening were identified through multiallelic QTL analyses. Plant Mol. & Hisamatsu, T. CsTFL1, a constitutive local repressor of flowering, modulates floral initiation by antagonising florigen complex activity in chrysanthemum. 10, 891903 (2012). It also provides antioxidants that promote healthy aging. BMC Genom. Sci. Flower color is a major objective of ornamental plant breeding due to its strong influence on consumer choice. Sci. This year, it also brings different breeds of chrysanthemum from different. Developing new chrysanthemum cultivars with novel characteristics such as new flower colors and . Plant Mol. Kaitlin is the younger daughter/sister in The Woks of Life family. Request an Appointment. 19, 319 (2018). Biochem. Flowering time is the main determinant of successful commercial plants, and the development of early-flowering cultivars helps meet consumers needs by allowing plants to bear more flowers or be produced in sufficient numbers for the celebration of particular festivals. Whilethe health benefits ofchrysanthemum tea are widely promoted, few of those benefits are supported by strong clinical evidence. However, the introduction of mutations into polyploids, especially in nonmodel species, is rather difficult due to the double-strand breaks and repair events that occur independently. Boil 3 cups of water, and pour over the tea. Biol. 6 (Woodhead Publishing, 2019). The responses of plants to stresses and the acquisition of stress resistance are regulated by a complex system of interacting signals and are susceptible to some environmental factors. Subsequently, iTRAQ was successfully applied in proteomic studies of embryo abortion152,153 and pollen abortion in chrysanthemum154. 13 June, 2017. Isolation of flower color and shape mutations by gamma radiation of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. It is possible to have a chrysanthemum allergy, which may cause skin reactions like redness, swelling and itching. Su et al.99 transferred a major SNP locus that cosegregated with waterlogging tolerance in chrysanthemum into a superior PCR-based derived cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence (dCAPS) marker with a moderately high accuracy of 78.9%, which was then verified in 52 cultivars or progeny. Houle, D., Govindaraju, D. R. & Omholt, S. Phenomics: the next challenge. Jaffar, M. et al. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. 11, 855 (2010). However, little information about the genome or transcriptome of chrysanthemum is available due to the limited number of markers, low marker reliability, high cost, and high labor intensity associated with the currently used conventional marker types. Overall, several useful traits have been introduced into chrysanthemum by transgenic technology, and the production of transgenic plants has great potential to reduce production costs and improve stress resistance, flower quality, and hence, the commercial value of chrysanthemum. Mol. Plant J. Reyes-Chin-Wo, S. et al. PubMed Many people can use a single serving of chrysanthemums for the whole day! Genet. Front. Miler, N. & Kulus, D. Microwave treatment can induce chrysanthemum phenotypic and genetic changes. Place the cleaned honeysuckle and wild chrysanthemum flowers in a pot and add 2 bowls of water. It may help you reduce inflammation, serve as a good source of vitamins A and C, and lower blood pressure and cholesterol. Overall, the metabolome is influenced by genotype, tissue, developmental stage, and the plants ecological habitat. Liu, C. et al. Recently, a modification of BSA that couples RNA-seq with BSA, termed bulked segregant RNA-seq (BSR-seq), was proposed to allow the correlation of gene expression and markers with phenotypes108. Hence, chrysanthemums are also used in the medical, food, and beverage industries. Zhang, F. et al. This research showed that C. nankingense genome evolution was driven by bursts of repetitive element expansion and whole-genome duplication (WGD) events. Identification of favorable SNP alleles and candidate genes responsible for inflorescence-related traits via GWAS in chrysanthemum. Novel flower shape is of great importance for marketing in ornamental plants. Moreover, many important wild species harbor a variety of favorable resistance genes that can be introduced into florist chrysanthemums via intergeneric or interspecific breeding1,8. 23, 740742 (2005). The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Plants exhibit considerable changes in gene expression during different developmental stages and when exposed to a range of environmental stresses114. Functional analysis of alternative splicing of the FLOWERING LOCUS T orthologous gene in Chrysanthemum morifolium. Your first impulse when you have a hangover might not be to reach for a cup of chrysanthemum tea, but research suggests it should be. The chrysanthemum leaf and root transcript profiling in response to salinity stress. HortScience 49, 16001604 (2014). Sci. As the cassia seeds have laxative properties, it aids in weight loss by expelling the toxins effectively. J. Jpn Soc. Advances in application of transgenic breeding technology in the traits improvement of chrysanthemum. Filling gaps with construction of a genetic linkage map in tetraploid roses. Sci. Furthermore, the application of new gene-editing technologies, such as the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), has enormous potential to benefit the ornamental horticulture industry by supporting targeted genomic modifications. Acta Hortic. Yang, Y. et al. In traditional Chinese medicine, chrysanthemum tea is known for its cooling and calming properties. a, b Single type; c, d double type; e, f windmill type; g, h pine needle type; i, j anemone type; k, l incurve type; mo pompon type. RSC Adv. In chrysanthemum, transcriptome sequencing is considered an effective method for elucidating the gene regulation mechanisms and networks controlling various complex biological processes and performing comparative transcriptomics studies (Table 2). However, not allchrysanthemum tea benefits are supported by scientific evidence. In addition, chrysanthemum tea can provide other health benefits like: In traditional Chinese medicine, chrysanthemum tea is considered to be an anti-hypertensive food, meaning it can help lower your blood pressure, and modern research has supported these claims. Prevents cardiovascular disease. It can be tempting to reach for a natural treatment for illness, but in some cases, the natural treatment can do more harm than good. By clicking Subscribe, I agree to the WebMD, Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Mediterranean, Low-Fat Diets Are Best for Heart Problems, Least Amount of Exercise You Need to Stay Healthy, Nerve 'Pulse' Therapy May Help Ease Sciatica, New Book: Take Control of Your Heart Disease Risk, MINOCA: The Heart Attack You Didnt See Coming, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox. Due to this read length limitation, more chimeras are produced in the process of transcript assembly, and complete transcript information cannot be accurately obtained; this problem greatly reduces the accuracy of quantitative expression, alternative splicing, and gene fusion studies. An ultra-dense integrated linkage map for hexaploid chrysanthemum enables multi-allelic QTL analysis. No reason to break from tradition, so. Microbiol. Its also reported to possess anti-inflammatory, sedative, anti-hypertensive and anti-arthritis effects. Hortic. 95, 2634 (2015). She is the author of Healthy, Happy Pregnancy Cookbook. 37, 10161030 (2018). If you are human, leave this field blank. PubMed Central Chlorophyll accumulation is the main determinant of the green flower color, and the chlorophyll content decreases as petal development progresses144. Afr. Ibrahim, R., Ahmad, Z., Salleh, S., Hassan, A. In addition, numerous chrysanthemum cultivars with novel traits, especially new flower colors and shapes, have been produced by X-radiation, gamma radiation, and ion-beam irradiation1,26,27. Gao, W. et al. 88, 233248 (2015). Plant Sci. To date, only a few attempts have been made to combine transcriptomic and proteomic data in chrysanthemum152,153,154. Kitam. Chinese Braised Lamb Casserole, Hong-Kong Style, Chinese Watercress Soup with Pork Ribs (Sai Yeung Choy Tong). The generation of the full-genome sequences of the two diploid Chrysanthemum species is expected to contribute to the identification of genes of interest and the future genome assembly of cultivated chrysanthemum. The over-expression of a chrysanthemum WRKY transcription factor enhances aphid resistance. Like other teas, it has been looked to as a remedy for sore throats and other flu-like symptoms. Chrysanthemum tea can be combined with honey, green tea, most black teas, and goji berries. Bot. Plant Biol. The abundance and diversity of soil fungi in continuously monocropped chrysanthemum. Zhu, C., Li, X. 93, 593606 (2017). Klie, M., Menz, I., Linde, M. & Debener, T. Strigolactone pathway genes and plant architecture: association analysis and QTL detection for horticultural traits in chrysanthemum. Ecol. Breed. Shoot branching directly determines plant architecture and is a key determinant of plant shape that can improve plants capacity to adapt to environmental stresses. Changes in root bacterial communities associated to two different development stages of canola (Brassica napus L. var oleifera) evaluated through next-generation sequencing technology. The root system is the main organ through which plants absorb water and nutrients. BMC Genom. Most of the detected proteins were linked to carbohydrates, photosynthesis, energy metabolism, and cell structure, and the auxin-induced proteins PCNT115 and CmACO were tightly correlated with adventitious root formation, as supported by western blot experiments. If you are living with a health condition and prefer to get relief using an alternative treatment, talk to your healthcare provider. Mol. Chrysanthemum xmorifolium Ramat.)] 208, 26 Nanyang Road . Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. ISSN 2052-7276 (online) This research is a critical step forward for linkage analysis in chrysanthemum. Fadi Chen. Studies also demonstrate that the plant contains various types of flavonoids, phenolic acids and lignans. Plant 11, 14821491 (2018). Chrysanthemum tea has a high concentration of Vitamin B nutrients, including folic acid, choline, riboflavin, and niacin, which are beneficial for human metabolism. Google Scholar. 17, 693 (2016). Ch. Choi, H. et al. found that partial preferential chromosome pairing is genotype dependent in tetraploid rose and confirmed the inferred differences in pairing behavior between chromosomes by examining repulsion-phase linkage estimates90. Identification of floral scent in chrysanthemum cultivars and wild relatives by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Madhusudhana, R. in Breeding Sorghum for Diverse End Uses (eds Aruna, C. et al.) Further study indicated that CmANR1 function directly regulates the auxin transport gene CmPIN2. Mol. Biochemical traits and proteomic changes in postharvest flowers of medicinal chrysanthemum exposed to enhanced UV-B radiation. A MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex was found to tightly regulate flavonoid biosynthesis along with flower development. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Well. The over-expression of a chrysanthemum gene encoding an RNA polymerase II CTD phosphatase-like 1 enzyme enhances tolerance to heat stress. Wang et al.46 isolated CmTCP20, which belongs to the PCF group in Class I of the TCP TF family, from chrysanthemum and found that it may be responsible for petal elongation growth. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Brewing inside it is a floral concoction of jasmine, chrysanthemum, rose, honeysuckle and dandelion. Supports cleansing . BMC Plant Biol. Genome-editing technology is a precision-breeding strategy regardless of legal concerns, but additional techniques are required for isolating target genes and generating plants with multiple target mutations in polyploid chrysanthemum68. Although there is limited scientific evidence on the benefits of chrysanthemum, researchers have found that it possesses health-promoting properties in animal and lab studies. Health care officials in the United States and Canada routinely remind citizens that pregnant women should consult a medical professional about their diet, particularly regarding herbal products.
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